As animals with indefinite (indeterminate) growth, amphibians have to allocate their energy to survive, grow and reproduce (Kozlowski, 1996; Kozlowski & Teriokhin, 1999). Therefore, given a certain amount of energy, there is a trade-off between reproduction at the present and investment in growth for future reproduction, which should lead to an optimal allocation pattern for higher fitness (Roff, 1992; Kozlowski, 1996; Kozlowski & Teriokhin, 1999). In addition, the large-sized individuals have better fitness in reproduction than small ones in most amphibians (Duellman & Trueb, 1986; Wells, 2010). If the resources were invested in growing a larger body size, the individual would produce more offspring in the future. In the extreme case, the animal could distribute all surplus energy to growth and survival in order to avoid a period of harsh conditions for reproduction, or they would invest in reproduction to avoid disadvantages that might appear in the following seasons (Schwarzkopf, 1993; Roff, 2002). Some animals, such as S. undulatus have evolved an allocation strategy between growth and reproduction (Warne et al., 2012). However, how the allocation strategy between growth and reproduction would change under the current climate warming is unclear. Therefore, a controlled experiment on allocation strategy is an appropriate method that may be able to establish a mechanism generating the trade-off (Roff, 1992).
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